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Comprehensive physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and analytical purity profiles essential for synthetic planning and industrial qualification.
Butyl Phenyl Ketone, predominantly recognized across regulatory frameworks and IUPAC taxonomy as 1-phenylpentan-1-one or valerophenone (Empirical Formula: C11H14O), is an aromatic ketone of paramount significance in downstream multi-step chemical synthesis. Structurally characterized by a benzene ring covalently linked to a pentanoyl acyl group, this compound serves as an electron-deficient aromatic building block exhibiting distinct photochemical, electrochemical, and biocatalytic reactivity profiles.
In its purified commercial form, Butyl Phenyl Ketone manifests as a clear, colorless to faintly straw-yellow oily liquid possessing a subtle, characteristic aromatic balsamic scent. Its thermal parameters include a boiling point ranging strictly between 239.0°C and 241.0°C at 760 mmHg (and 105–107°C under reduced 10 mmHg vacuum), a flash point of 102°C (closed cup), and a relative density of 0.978–0.985 g/cm³ at 20°C. Due to its balanced lipophilicity (LogP approximately 2.94), it displays negligible solubility in aqueous matrices while exhibiting complete, homogenous miscibility in polar organic solvents including anhydrous ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, toluene, and dichloromethane.
For research procurement teams, fine chemical distributors, and pharmaceutical intermediate processors, verifying analytical parameters prior to industrial scaling is fundamental to batch yield stability. The standard quality parameters required for commercial release encompass:
| Analytical Parameter | Standard Inspection Value | Testing Methodology |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Appearance | Clear, colorless to light yellow liquid | Visual Inspection (USP <631>) |
| Gas Chromatography Assay (GC) | ≥ 99.0% to ≥ 99.5% area norm | Capillary GC-FID (Agilent DB-WAX) |
| Refractive Index (n 20/D) | 1.5150 – 1.5180 | Abbe Refractometry at 20°C |
| Water Content (Moisture) | ≤ 0.05% w/w (500 ppm max) | Karl Fischer Coulometric Titration |
| Acidity (Calculated as Valeric Acid) | ≤ 0.10% w/w | Standard Acid-Base Titration |
| Residual Trace Metals | ≤ 10.0 ppm total Heavy Metals | ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma |
Strategic insights into the global distribution of aromatic ketone manufacturing, raw material feedstocks, and strategic procurement dynamics across Western and Asian processing centers.
Historically, fine chemical procurement directors in Western Europe and North America relied on localized European synthesis plants for specialty valerophenone batches. However, escalating energy expenditures, stringent environmental restrictions under REACH on Friedel-Crafts aluminum sludge disposal, and localized closures of upstream pentanoyl chloride plants have dramatically curtailed domestic Western manufacturing volumes.
Consequently, Western enterprises have transitioned their sourcing models from captive domestic manufacture toward verified qualified offshore partners. The critical imperative for European and American buyers centers on establishing long-term supply agreements with manufacturers that can guarantee full regulatory transparency, REACH compliance certificates, robust impurity profiling, and non-disrupted continuous delivery.
China has solidified its position as the undisputed center of gravity for aromatic ketone manufacturing due to complete, localized industrial integration across the C4-C5 petrochemical value chain. The synthesis of Butyl Phenyl Ketone relies critically on two core raw materials: high-purity benzene and valeryl chloride (or valeric acid / valeric anhydride).
Chinese state-of-the-art chemical clusters in Hebei, Shandong, and Jiangsu benefit from immediate pipeline access to 1-butene hydroformylation facilities producing valeraldehyde and valeric acid at world-leading scale. This direct access mitigates intra-transit degradation risks, buffers spot price volatility, and allows facilities like Miaoou to maintain continuous multi-ton inventories with pricing structures that Western batch plants cannot match.
The annual compound growth rate (CAGR) for high-purity butyl phenyl ketone currently exceeds 5.8% internationally, driven by two escalating demand pillars: novel active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) development (specifically cardiovascular vasodilators and non-sedating antihistamines) and rapid expansion in advanced photopolymer manufacturing for electronic encapsulation and 3D printing.
Modern B2B buyers no longer assess vendors solely on invoice cost per metric ton; corporate supply-chain assessments now weight audited factory environmental ratings, automated process controls, closed-loop waste treatment infrastructure, and digital batch tracking as primary qualification gates.
How Hebei Miaoou Technology transforms traditional hazardous Friedel-Crafts acylation through automated continuous flow microreactors, green catalysis, and zero-discharge closed-loop systems.
Traditional industrial production of Butyl Phenyl Ketone historically relied on batch glass-lined stirred-tank reactors utilizing classic Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene with valeryl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3). While chemically proven, this batch mode suffers from profound technological disadvantages:
• Severe Thermal Exothermicity: The reaction is violently exothermic, necessitating protracted, rate-limiting dosing schedules (often 12–18 hours) to prevent runaway temperatures that induce thermal tarring and dark impurity generation.
• Ecological and Aluminum Sludge Burdens: Quenching stoichiometric AlCl3 produces immense volumes of acidic, hazardous aluminum hydroxide waste cakes that present complex disposal and cost hurdles.
• Batch-to-Batch Variance: Incomplete micromixing in large 5,000L tanks generates localized over-concentration zones, driving the formation of di-acylated aromatics and residual chlorinated oligomers.
To overcome batch limitations, Miaoou has engineered dedicated continuous microchannel reaction trains. By introducing microreactor flow synthesis, our facility delivers decisive commercial and chemical advantages:
• Sub-Second Micromixing: Reactants encounter precise stoichiometric diffusion within microchannels possessing hydraulic diameters under 500 μm, dissipating reaction exotherms instantaneously across high surface-area-to-volume heat exchangers.
• Residence Time Compression: Total contact time is reduced from 14 hours to less than 45 seconds at controlled temperatures (35–45°C), eliminating secondary poly-alkylation degradation pathways.
• Automated Distributed Control Systems (DCS): In-line Raman spectroscopy and NIR sensors continually scan flowing intermediates, automatically modulating feed pumps to maintain product assay purity consistently above 99.5% without manual operator intervention.
High-precision dual-piston pumps feed anhydrous benzene and freshly distilled valeryl chloride under inert nitrogen blanketing into the pre-cooling heat exchanger.
Reactants merge in silicon carbide microchannel blocks with targeted Lewis acid catalysts; reaction completes with >99.1% conversion efficiency within 35 seconds.
Effluent is mixed with chilled water in a micro-settler unit, instantly separating organic valerophenone phases from acidic aqueous phases without emulsion formation.
Crude product traverses a continuous wiped-film molecular distillation column, stripping residual volatiles to deliver optical-clarity valerophenone ≥ 99.5% GC assay.
A rigorous examination of primary conversion pathways where high-purity Butyl Phenyl Ketone acts as an irreplaceable precursor and catalytic substrate.
Valerophenone functions as a cornerstone synthon across medicinal chemistry programs targeting central nervous system (CNS) agents, analgesics, and vascular relaxants. The carbonyl carbon possesses an electropositive character primed for stereoselective catalytic asymmetric reduction, yielding enantiomerically pure 1-phenylpentan-1-ol chiral building blocks.
Furthermore, reductive amination protocols convert butyl phenyl ketone into alpha-substituted alkyl phenethylamines utilized in respiratory therapeutics and cardiovascular regulators. For drug developers, maintaining trace sulfur (< 1 ppm) and heavy metal limits is vital to protect expensive ruthenium and rhodium asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts from irreversible poisoning.
In high-speed graphic arts, microelectronics photolithography, and UV-curable industrial coatings, valerophenone derivatives represent premium Type I and Type II free-radical photoinitiators. Upon ultraviolet irradiation (specifically in the 254–365 nm UVA/UVB spectral windows), the molecule undergoes characteristic Norrish Type II intramolecular gamma-hydrogen abstraction, fragmenting into active acetophenone enols, ethylene, and reactive alkyl biradicals.
Alpha-hydroxy and alpha-amino engineered variants synthesized from our butyl phenyl ketone feedstock deliver exceptional through-cure depth in heavily pigmented inks, ensuring rapid polymerization speeds without post-cure substrate yellowing.
The organoleptic profile of ultra-pure valerophenone—characterized by heavy, sweet, woody, and warm balsamic tones—makes it a highly valued raw component in luxury fragrance formulating and specialized masking agents. In trace industrial olfactory applications, it operates as a chemical stabilizer and low-volatility fixative, modulating the evaporation curves of lighter top notes such as citrus and floral terpenes.
In fine fragrance synthesis, trace impurities of free valeric acid must remain below 0.05% to avoid rancid, sour olfactory off-notes. Miaoou ensures food- and fragrance-grade lots undergo triple neutral wash purification to eliminate all lingering acidic residues.
Essential checklist for global sourcing heads: standard documentation packages, containment engineering, shelf-life stabilization, and safe maritime export handling.
Every industrial consignment dispatched from our loading docks is paired with a comprehensive Quality Assurance Dossier designed to pass rigorous QP release and compliance checks:
• Batch-Specific Certificate of Analysis (COA): Validated against pharmacopeial and industrial specifications with quantified assay percentages.
• Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) Chromatogram: Explicit baseline separation display showing peak retention times and integration tables identifying known related substances.
• Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) & 1H-NMR Spectra: Unambiguous molecular structural confirmation verifying fingerprint absorption bands and proton coupling assignments.
• Safety Data Sheet (SDS / MSDS): Fully aligned with GHS Revision 9 and REACH Annex II in 12 global languages.
Aromatic ketones with extended alkyl tails demonstrate vulnerability to autoxidation upon prolonged exposure to atmospheric oxygen and ambient photons, resulting in peroxide formation and chromatic yellowing. Miaoou executes strict packaging protocols:
• Hermetic Inerting: All containers undergo high-purity nitrogen purge (residual oxygen < 0.5%) prior to liquid charging and final seal closure.
• Industrial Packaging Formats: Supplied in UN-certified 200 kg fluorinated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums, 200L epoxy-phenolic lined internal steel drums, or 1,000L composite IBC containers. For large-scale manufacturing contracts, dedicated 20-foot ISO tank containers (20–24 metric tons) are mobilized.
• Shelf Life Guarantee: Minimum 24 months preserved in uncompromised original packaging stored between 15–25°C in shaded, well-ventilated dry warehouses.
Cross-border supply chain security requires precise trade classification to avoid demurrage and customs delays. Butyl Phenyl Ketone (Valerophenone) is classified under:
• Harmonized System (HS) Code: 2914.39.9090 (Other Aromatic Ketones without other oxygen function).
• Transport Regulations: Not regulated as a severe marine pollutant; non-restricted under IMO/IMDG, ICAO/IATA, and ADR/RID transport rules when packaged below standard dangerous goods thresholds. However, when shipped in high volumes, flash point declarations (102°C) and standard industrial cargo handling documentation are accurately prepared.
• Global Door-to-Port Delivery: Direct container transport from our Shijiazhuang processing center via Tianjin Port or Qingdao Port with continuous GPS tracking and temperature recording loggers.
Direct, actionable answers addressing technical specifications, custom manufacturing capabilities, minimum order volumes, and supply continuity.
In continuous flow synthesis, the dominant related substances are unreacted benzene (< 0.05%), valeric acid traces (< 0.05%), and minor position isomers such as 1-(4-methylphenyl)butan-1-one derived from feedstock alkyl trace impurities. In conventional batch processes, di-acylated aromatics and chloropentanophenone oligomers are common, but our high-vacuum thin-film distillation isolates these heavy ends, guaranteeing overall GC assay purity ≥ 99.5%.
Yes. Utilizing our continuous flow bromination reactors, we produce alpha-bromovalerophenone (2-bromo-1-phenylpentan-1-one, CAS 49851-31-2) with tightly controlled mono-bromination selectivity (> 98.0%), drastically mitigating di-brominated by-products that notoriously disrupt downstream API coupling reactions. Custom side-chain alkylations and core functionalizations are supported under strict confidentiality agreements (CDA/NDA).
For analytical evaluation and pilot-scale trials, our standard evaluation pack starts at 1 kg or 25 kg fiber/poly drums with immediate 48-hour air courier dispatch. Commercial manufacturing contracts operate with an MOQ of 200 kg (standard UN steel drum). For routine metric-ton and FCL shipping schedules, our regular ready-inventory in Shijiazhuang enables loading at Tianjin Port within 5 to 7 business days from formal purchase order confirmation.
To combat moisture entry and thermal oxidation during ocean freight across tropical regions, all export drums receive double-welded bung seals and a positive-pressure nitrogen blanket. Internal epoxy-phenolic coatings protect the chemical from direct contact with metal walls, preventing iron-catalyzed discoloration. Multi-trip desiccant strips and reflective thermal container liners are deployed for temperature-sensitive destinations.
Explore additional verified laboratory-grade items from Miaoou Technology's advanced synthesis lines, supporting analytical laboratories and international pharmaceutical procurement.
